Venous stasis dermatitis

Patient Information: Understanding Venous Stasis Dermatitis

What is Venous Stasis Dermatitis?

Venous stasis dermatitis, also known as venous eczema or gravitational dermatitis, is a skin condition that occurs due to impaired circulation in the veins of the lower legs. It typically affects individuals with chronic venous insufficiency, a condition where the valves in the leg veins fail to function properly, leading to pooling of blood in the lower extremities. Venous stasis dermatitis is characterised by redness, swelling, itching, and skin changes, primarily in the lower legs and ankles.

Causes of Venous Stasis Dermatitis:

Venous stasis dermatitis develops when the veins in the legs fail to efficiently return blood to the heart, causing blood to pool in the lower extremities. Factors that may contribute to the development of venous stasis dermatitis include:

1. Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Damage or dysfunction of the valves in the leg veins impairs blood flow back to the heart, leading to venous congestion and inflammation.
2. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Blood clots in the deep veins of the legs can obstruct blood flow and contribute to venous stasis dermatitis.
3. Obesity: Excess weight can increase pressure on the veins in the legs, exacerbating venous insufficiency and predisposing individuals to venous stasis dermatitis.
4. Prolonged Standing or Sitting: Jobs or activities that require prolonged standing or sitting can exacerbate venous insufficiency and contribute to the development of venous stasis dermatitis.
5. Aging: As individuals age, the valves in the leg veins may weaken or become damaged, increasing the risk of venous insufficiency and venous stasis dermatitis.

Treatment Options for Venous Stasis Dermatitis:

Treatment for venous stasis dermatitis aims to improve circulation, reduce inflammation, alleviate symptoms, and prevent complications. Treatment options may include:

1. Compression Therapy: Graduated compression stockings or wraps are commonly used to improve venous circulation and reduce swelling in the legs. These garments apply pressure to the lower legs, helping to compress the veins and promote blood flow back to the heart. These should be worn during the day whilst mobilising. They can be removed when at rest and at night.
   At least Grade 2 compression stockings.
2. Elevation: Elevating the legs above heart level several times a day can help reduce swelling and improve venous return. Elevate the legs for at least 15-20 minutes, several times a day, to enhance circulation.
3. Topical Treatments: Topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching associated with venous stasis dermatitis. These medications are applied directly to the affected skin as directed by your dermatologist.
4. Emollients and Moisturisers: Regular application of emollients and moisturisers helps to hydrate the skin, strengthen the skin barrier, and prevent moisture loss. Choose fragrance-free, hypoallergenic moisturisers and apply them liberally to the affected areas, especially after bathing or showering.
   I suggest QV Cream or QV Intensive cream.
5. Wound Care: If venous stasis dermatitis leads to skin breakdown or ulceration, specialised wound care may be necessary to promote healing and prevent infection. Your dermatologist or wound care specialist can provide guidance on appropriate wound dressings and management strategies.
6. Lifestyle Modifications: Lifestyle changes such as weight management, not smoking, regular exercise, avoiding prolonged standing or sitting, and practicing good skincare habits can help manage venous stasis dermatitis and reduce the risk of complications.
7. Surgical Interventions: In some cases, surgical interventions such as sclerotherapy, vein ablation, or surgical procedures may be recommended to address underlying venous insufficiency and improve circulation in the legs.

Conclusion:

Venous stasis dermatitis is a skin condition that occurs due to impaired circulation in the veins of the lower legs, leading to inflammation, swelling, and skin changes. Treatment options for venous stasis dermatitis focus on improving circulation, reducing inflammation, alleviating symptoms, and preventing complications.