Chronic Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Patient Information Sheet: Chronic Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (CVVC)

What is Chronic Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (CVVC)?
Chronic Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (CVVC) is a recurrent yeast infection that affects the vulva and vagina. It is caused by an overgrowth of a type of yeast called Candida, most commonly Candida albicans. While occasional vaginal yeast infections are common and usually resolve with treatment, CVVC refers to persistent or recurrent episodes of candidiasis.

What Causes CVVC?
CVVC occurs when there is an imbalance in the vaginal microbiome, leading to an overgrowth of Candida yeast. Several factors can contribute to this imbalance, including:

  • Antibiotic use, which can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina
  • Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy or menopause
  • Diabetes or other conditions that weaken the immune system
  • Use of oral contraceptives or hormone therapy
  • Sexual activity, although CVVC is not considered a sexually transmitted infection

What are the Symptoms of CVVC?
The symptoms of CVVC can vary but often include:

  • Vaginal itching or irritation
  • Thick, white vaginal discharge that resembles cottage cheese
  • Redness, swelling, or soreness of the vulva and vagina
  • Pain or discomfort during urination or sexual intercourse
  • Burning sensation in the vaginal area

How is CVVC Diagnosed?
CVVC is usually diagnosed based on the presence of characteristic symptoms and a physical examination by a healthcare provider. In some cases, a vaginal swab or culture may be collected to confirm the presence of Candida yeast.

How is CVVC Treated?
Treatment for CVVC typically involves antifungal medications to eliminate the Candida yeast and relieve symptoms. Treatment options may include:

  • Over-the-counter or prescription antifungal creams, ointments, or suppositories
  • Oral antifungal medications for severe or recurrent cases
  • Maintenance therapy with antifungal medications to prevent recurrence
  • Avoiding potential triggers such as tight-fitting clothing, perfumed soaps, or douching

What Can I Do to Manage CVVC?
In addition to medical treatment, there are several self-care measures that may help manage CVVC and reduce the risk of recurrence:

  • Practice good genital hygiene, including washing the genital area with only soap free wash and water and avoiding scented products or harsh cleansers. Do not over wash.
  • Wear cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothing to allow air circulation and prevent moisture buildup
  • Avoid wearing tight-fitting pants or synthetic fabrics that can trap moisture and promote yeast growth
  • Limit the intake of sugary foods and refined carbohydrates, as yeast thrives on sugar
  • Discuss any underlying medical conditions or medications with your healthcare provider, as they may contribute to CVVC