Folliculitis

Patient Information Sheet: Folliculitis

Understanding Folliculitis:

Folliculitis is a common skin condition characterised by inflammation of the hair follicles. It can affect people of all ages and occurs when hair follicles become infected or irritated, leading to the development of red, swollen, and sometimes painful bumps or pustules on the skin. Folliculitis can occur anywhere on the body where hair follicles are present, including the scalp, face, neck, chest, back, arms, and legs.

Causes of Folliculitis:

Folliculitis can be caused by various factors, including:

1. Bacterial Infections: The most common cause of folliculitis is infection with bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial folliculitis often occurs when hair follicles become damaged or irritated, allowing bacteria to enter and multiply.
2. Fungal Infections: Fungal folliculitis, also known as tinea barbae or pityrosporum folliculitis, is caused by fungal organisms such as yeast. It may occur in warm, moist environments or in individuals with compromised immune systems.
3. Viral Infections: Certain viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus or varicella-zoster virus, can lead to folliculitis.
4. Ingrown Hairs: Ingrown hairs occur when hair follicles become trapped beneath the skin, leading to inflammation and the formation of small, painful bumps.
5. Chemical Irritation: Exposure to irritating substances such as harsh chemicals, oils, or cosmetics can irritate the hair follicles and lead to folliculitis.
6. Friction: Friction from tight clothing, shaving, or rubbing against the skin can cause irritation and inflammation of the hair follicles.

Symptoms of Folliculitis:

The symptoms of folliculitis may vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

• Red, swollen, and tender bumps or pustules around hair follicles.
• Itching, burning, or stinging sensations.
• Pain or discomfort, especially when the affected area is touched or rubbed.
• Crusting, scaling, or oozing of fluid from the bumps.
• Scarring or hyperpigmentation in chronic or severe cases.

Diagnosis and Treatment:

Diagnosis of folliculitis is typically based on clinical presentation and may involve a physical examination by a healthcare provider. In some cases, a skin culture or biopsy may be performed to identify the underlying cause of the infection.

Treatment of folliculitis may include:

1. Topical Antiseptic or Antibacterial Agents: Application of topical antiseptic solutions or antibacterial creams, gels, or ointments to the affected area can help reduce bacterial colonization and inflammation. Common agents include DUAC gel or Clindamycin lotion.
2. Antibacterial wash: Antibacterial wash or cleanser once a week or fortnight can help manage chronic folliculitis.
3. Oral Antibiotics: If folliculitis is caused by a bacterial infection or is severe or recurrent, oral antibiotics such as cephalexin, doxycycline, dicloxacillin, or clindamycin may be prescribed.
4. Antifungal Medications: For fungal folliculitis, antifungal medications such as clotrimazole, ketoconazole, or terbinafine may be prescribed to treat the underlying fungal infection.
5. Warm Compresses: Applying warm compresses to the affected area can help soothe irritation, promote drainage of pus, and facilitate healing of the inflamed hair follicles.
6. Avoidance of Irritants: Avoiding potential irritants such as harsh chemicals, oils, or cosmetics can help prevent further irritation and promote healing of the skin.
7. Proper Hygiene: Keeping the affected area clean and dry is essential for preventing the spread of folliculitis and promoting healing. Avoid sharing personal items such as towels, razors, and clothing with others.

Prevention of Folliculitis:

• Practice good hygiene, including regular washing and drying of the skin.
• Avoid sharing personal items such as towels, razors, and grooming tools with others.
• Use gentle cleansers and avoid harsh chemicals or irritants that may aggravate the skin.
• Avoid tight clothing or friction that may irritate the skin and hair follicles.
• Moisturise the skin regularly to prevent dryness and irritation.

Conclusion:

Folliculitis is a common skin condition characterised by inflammation of the hair follicles. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most cases of folliculitis can be effectively managed. If you suspect you may have folliculitis or have any concerns about your skin health, it is essential to consult with a dermatologist or healthcare provider for evaluation and management.

For further information or concerns, please consult with your dermatologist or healthcare provider.